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Study of the influence of fires of municipal and industrial waste landfills on the enviromental contamination, the combustion products of rubber and halogenated polymers
Sikora, Henryk ; Hroch, Martin (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of fires of municipal and industrial wastes, particularly of rubber and halogenated polymers. When these materials burn, significant amount of harmful substances liberate into environmental compartments. Analysis of samples subjected to thermal decomposition in laboratory conditions explored formation of characteristic compounds in dependence on conditions of combustion. Samples of air, water and soil taken from real fires that occurred between the years 2007 – 2011 in the region of Western Bohemia monitored spreading of these substances into the environment. Majority of these samples were analysed by the means of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Additionally the effect of extinguishing methods and use of fire extinguishers on formation and spreading of combustion products was studied, especially in soil and in water sources.
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The environmnetal impact of burning products
Ročňáková, Ivana ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with the study of combustion products and their impact on the environment and human organism. It explains the nature of combustion and conditions under which the fire originates. In this action is developed a large number of different substances. As concrete examples of inorganic substances were selected following compounds: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphates, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and ammonia. From the organic compounds were selected only a few examples, such as the burning of plastics or the subsequent fire extinguishing device is developed by a diverse range of organic compounds. The wide range of compounds was chosen phosgene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, PAHs and extremely toxic. When burning the noxious substances into the air first and then wet or dry slope to reach the other components of the environment. These combustion products have diverse adverse effects on both humans and the environment. In some cases, these substances have fatal consequences for all components of the environment.
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Adaptability of temperate forest soils to fire
Švábová, Bára ; Jílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Devetter, Miloslav (referee)
This research paper examines the adaptability of temperate forest soils to wildfire, as the frequency and intensity of wildfire in temperate forests is expected to increase with climate change. In addition, climate change is expected to shift the forest boundary northwards, so temperate forests are likely to be gradually replaced by Mediterranean forests, where fire frequency is currently high. How much a fire disturbs soil properties depends on the intensity, severity, frequency and climatic conditions following the fire. Fire in temperate forests primarily negatively affects the organic matter content, which further influences physico-chemical and biological properties. Thus, the most important factor in restoring the soil properties of temperate forests is the restoration of organic matter, which is linked to revegetation. After comparison with studies from boreal and Mediterranean forests, it was found that the recovery time of temperate forest soils is similar to that of boreal forest soils. Soil properties such as increased pyrogenic carbon content, rapid recovery or increased numbers of fungi and bacteria and increased aggregate stability may help in soil recovery after fire. This work is important in the context of climate change and could help in developing strategies that promote soil...
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Long-term disturbances in temperate mountain forests and their representation in various proxy data
Pavlišová, Adéla ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Moravcová, Alice (referee)
In this work, I present the main disturbance agents affecting temperate mountain forests in Central Europe - wind, bark beetles and fires, and I draw attention to their interdependence. I primarily deal with the description of disturbances, their consequences, ecological contribution, and climate influence on their action. With climatic warming, the extent, intensity, and frequency of disturbances increase. Hence, it is important to understand their role in the past to prepare for the future development of our forests. Proxy data (indirect data) provide past evidence for disturbances, but their interpretation value differs. They inform us about a different time and spatial scale with varying degrees of accuracy. All the methods that I mention in my work provide us, to some extent, with climate proxy data that is closely related to the disturbance regime. Only some directly prove the disturbance, for example, through sedimentary charcoals findings. My work aimed at indicating possible complications but also the advantages that arise when combining individual methods.
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Offender profiling and the possibilities for its use in arson cases.
Linhartová, Barbora ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
The theme of the thesis is psychological offender profiling and the possibilities that it offers in the investigation of arson cases. First it introduces profiling as an investigation method, including its history, the sources on which it is based, what kind of information it contains and how it is created. Next it follows up the problematic issue of fires, their investigation and the classification of intentionally set fires. It also introduces some particular arsonist offender subtypes. Then it pursues the arson profiling and introduces the main profiling approaches. In the end, the author applies the acquired findings to analyze two arson cases according to the particular profiling approaches and then compares the provided leads to a possible offender.
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Study of the influence of fires of municipal and industrial waste landfills on the enviromental contamination, the combustion products of rubber and halogenated polymers
Sikora, Henryk ; Hroch, Martin (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of fires of municipal and industrial wastes, particularly of rubber and halogenated polymers. When these materials burn, significant amount of harmful substances liberate into environmental compartments. Analysis of samples subjected to thermal decomposition in laboratory conditions explored formation of characteristic compounds in dependence on conditions of combustion. Samples of air, water and soil taken from real fires that occurred between the years 2007 – 2011 in the region of Western Bohemia monitored spreading of these substances into the environment. Majority of these samples were analysed by the means of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Additionally the effect of extinguishing methods and use of fire extinguishers on formation and spreading of combustion products was studied, especially in soil and in water sources.
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The environmnetal impact of burning products
Ročňáková, Ivana ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with the study of combustion products and their impact on the environment and human organism. It explains the nature of combustion and conditions under which the fire originates. In this action is developed a large number of different substances. As concrete examples of inorganic substances were selected following compounds: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphates, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and ammonia. From the organic compounds were selected only a few examples, such as the burning of plastics or the subsequent fire extinguishing device is developed by a diverse range of organic compounds. The wide range of compounds was chosen phosgene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, PAHs and extremely toxic. When burning the noxious substances into the air first and then wet or dry slope to reach the other components of the environment. These combustion products have diverse adverse effects on both humans and the environment. In some cases, these substances have fatal consequences for all components of the environment.
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Fire safety in households and possibilities of its enhancement
LEVÁ, Michaela
I have chosen the topic for my bachelor thesis called "Fire safety in households and possibilities of its enhancement", for several reasons. Fires in households are mentioned in the news very often and statistics indicate that the greatest number of deaths are caused by just these fires. The most frequent causes of these fires are technical faults, negligence of adult people and intentional ignition. Fires caused by a technical fault or negligence are mostly caused by ignorance of the principles of fire protection. It is desirable to solve this problem and contribute by processing this bachelor thesis and subsequent promotion to get the necessary information and knowledge to the general public about this issue. Consequently the goal of this work is to propose principles to enhance fire safety in the households. The theoretical part describes the current status of fires in households using tables and graphs of statistical information, especially about the number of fires, deaths of persons and property damages during fires in households in the years 2010-2014. These figures show the seriousness of this issue. Furthermore, this section deals with the causes of fires, which are divided into categories of intentional ignition, ignition of negligence, technical faults and fires caused by natural influences. There is also an explanation of some basic concepts of fire safety. In the next section of this part, there is a description of extinguishers, autonomous detection alarms and signalization alarms and escape routes. In remainder of the theoretical part are listed some of the responsibilities of individuals, based on Act no. 133/1985 Coll., about fire protection, as subsequently amended, and selected fire risk. The theoretical part of this work is designed as a literature review to give reader an opportunity to get some information about current status of household fires, basic concepts of fire protection, fire safety devices and fire protection instruments, obligations of individuals in the area of fire protection and some knowledge of fire risk. The following part of this thesis is a survey described in methods where the approach of data collection is defined. The method of investigation and data collection was realized through structured questionaires for public. These examined the level of fire protection in households in particular districts. Questions concerned basics on fire security and were indeed perquisite for the research. The respondents were chosen based on a stratified selection where 5 villages in South Bohemian region were chosen: Dívčice, Protivín, Tálín, Štěkeň, Radomyšl. Overall 90 filled questionaires were collected by personal questioning with a strait contact of the interviewer and respondent in those villages. The results are shown in graphs where the percentage of correct and false answers in each question is provided. After this research with collected results a low level of fire security in households can be declared. Therefore some precautions were designed so called Principles Suggestion which should raise this level. It came out of those questions with the lowest number of correct answers. The survey shows that better treatment and following of the essential principles while using flammable liquids, gas and electronic devices and fire extinguishers are the fundamental concerns of increasing of fire security. Those are listed downward according to their frequency in questioners and were introduced in a manner for easy understanding so that fire security concerns knowledge can actually increase in households. The outcome of this research should help with increasing of fire security awareness in households and will therefore be provided to HZS ČR, SH ČMS and municipalities.
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